The Development Of Health Care System Essay - 1191 Words

To assess the progress towards UHC, we analyzed the progress and issues in achieving MDGs targets. Data were collected from the 2006 and 2012 DHS studies, the National Institute of Statistic (INS) and latest reports of international organizations implicated in the improvement of health care system. MDG 1: eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Recurring floods and droughts affect agricultural productivity and food security in Niger while eighty percent of the population depends on agriculture. According to the 2014 nutrition survey using SMART (Standardized Monitoring and Assessment of Relief and Transitions nutrition) the global acute malnutrition rate has reached 14.8%, close to the emergency threshold of 15% set by the WHO. This rate is higher than in the previous survey conducted in 2013 (13.3%). the situation is further aggravated by flows of refugees and returning migrants due to the situation in Libya, the armed groups such as Boko Haram in Nigeria, and Mujao from Mali which threatening the country s economic growth. [UNICEF (2015).Aperà §u des besoins humanitaires Niger][Plan de reponse 2015]. Nevertheless, through the 3 Initiative â€Å"Nigeriens Nourishing Nigeriens†, the government has made a commitment to tackle malnutrition and address food insecurity and agricultural sustainability issues. [ Niger: P overty Reduction Strategy Paper]p139-281 MDG 4: Reduce by two-thirds the under-five mortality rate Despite challenges, Niger has made a significant progress in a number ofShow MoreRelatedSocial Health Care System Development1234 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Media- Health Care System Development Social media is an ever-growing digital, content-based communications based on the interactions enabled by a plethora of web technologies which facilitates interpersonal communication and networking more effectively. It helps people to share online text, pictures, videos and links. It is significantly useful to health care professionals, patients and public to share their knowledge, skills, preferences and ideas with others (Suby, 2013). 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Emotional And Social Competence Of A Young Child - 1905 Words

Social competence refers to the physical, cognitive, emotional and social skills that an individual needs for successful performance and adaptation in social settings. It’s the behavior, attitudes and understanding that support the development of good relationships and enable children and adults to be successful in tasks involving others. As a young child (preschooler) I had been curious about everything. I begin to show my independence and capabilities. I wanted to build blocks on my own; I wanted to cook in my play kitchen, be a mother to my dolls and I rode my bike. Piaget speaks of motor skills development in the preschool years. â€Å"At the same time that the gross motor skills are developing, children are progressing in their ability to†¦show more content†¦Whatever I say or do was the only thing that mattered. â€Å"Egocentric thought is thinking that does not take into account the viewpoints of others† (Feldman, 2014, p. 210). Middle childhood serves as a plateau in development. It s the period in development when you bring together the experiences gained from preschool and to prepare for the changes to happen in adolescence. During my middle childhood period having sufficient skill, knowledge and experiences evolved. This is one of the changes that took place from a preschooler preoperational thinking to a â€Å"concrete operational stage, which occurs between 7 and 12 years of age, is characterized by the active, and appropriate, use of logic† (Feldman, 2014, p. 278). My parents, educators and peers influenced my social competence. My parents and I were extremely close. They supported me positively in my emotional, social, physical and cognitive development. I grew up with three older female cousins. They were like my role models so to speak. I had to either keep up to their academic standards or exceeded it. No one told me that, but that s how I viewed it. We were all like a role model for the co mmunity so to speak. People in the community looked up to my family (my mother and her sisters were all educators), therefore a certain behavior was expected of me and so I tried acting in such manner. Kohlberg’s theory of Moral development, Level 2: Stage 3, Convectional Morality: Interpersonal

Two Types of Computer Software Free Essays

COMPUTER SOFTWARE INTRODUCTION OF COMPUTER SOFTWARE Computer software or just call as software is about any set of machine –readable instruction that directs a computer precessorto perform spesific operations. One common way of dicribing hardware and software is to say that software can be thought of as the varible part of a computer and hardware as the invariable part. Hardware and software require each other neither has any value without the other. We will write a custom essay sample on Two Types of Computer Software or any similar topic only for you Order Now Software is a genaral term. It can refer to all computer instuction in general or to any specific set of computer instuctions. It is conclusive of both machine instruction that call the binary code that more human understand and source code that more human undestandable instructions that must be rendered into machine code by compiless or interoreters before being executed. On most computer plattforms software can be grouped into two broad categories. It is system software is the basic software needed for a computer to operate. The application software is all the software that uses the computer system to perform useful work beyond the operation of the computer itself. Software refer to one or more computer and data held in storage of the computer. In the other words, software is a set of programs, procedures, algorithm and its documentation concerned with the operation of the fuction of program it implemens either by directly providing instruction to the digitals electronics or by serving as input to the another piece of software. The term was coined to contrast to the term hadware. In the contrast hardware , software ‘ cannot be touched. Software is also sometimes used in a more narrow sense meaning application software only. Sometimes the terms includes data that has not traditionally being associated with computers, such as film, types and record . These are system software or operating system referred simply as the OS, application software and programming languages. Usually most of us interact with a computer using application software. * TYPES OF SOFTWARE APPLICATION SOFTWARE Application system includes a variety of programs that can be subidivided into ganeral-purpose and function-specific application categories. A normal user rarely gets to see the operating system or to work with it. But all of us are familiar with application software which we must use to interact with a computer. Application softwares are used to improve our work ability. Different application softwares and system softwares are used in daily life. Some are productivity software, content software, assessment software, online software, drill and practice software, problem solving software, tutorials, multimedia softwares, stimulation, games, group ware, share ware, spy ware, free ware etc . Some softwares are used to produce and create documents and different presentations. In the application software have four type. It is general purpose, custom software, commercial off-the –shelf(COST) and open source-software. Genaral-purpose application programs are programs that perform common information processing jobs for end user. For example word processing, spreadsheet, database management, and graphics prgrams are popular with microcomputer user for home,education,business, scientific and many other purpose. Because they significantly increase the productivity of end user , they are sometimes known a productivity packages. Other examples include web browsers, e-mail, and group ware, which help support communication among workgroups and teams. Costum software is an additional common way of classifying software is based on how the software was the developed. It is the term used to identity software application that are developed within an organization for used to identify software applicationthat are developed within an organization for use by that organization. In other words, the organization that writes the program code is also the organization that use the final software organization. Software that is developed for a specific user or organization is custom software. Since it is built for a specific user, its specifications and features are in accordance with the user’s needs. Commercial off-the –shelf(COST). It is developed with the intention of selling the softwarein multiple copies and usually for a profit. In this case, the organization that writes the software is not the intended target audience for its use. Several characteristics are important when describing COST software. As opposed to custom software, off-the-shelf software is standard software bought off the shelf. It has predefined specifications that may or may not cater to any specific user’s requirements. When you buy it, you agree to its license agreement. First as stated in our definition, COST software products are sold in many copies with minimal changes beyond scheduled upgrade release. Purchaser of COST software generally not control over the specification,schedule, evolution, or access to either the source code or internal documentation. A COST product is sold, leased, or licennsed to the genaral public, but in virtually all cases, the vendor of the product retains the intellectual prperty rights of the software. Costum software, in contrast,is gerally owned by the organization that developed it, and the specifications, functionality, and awnershipof the final product are controlled or retained by the developing organization. Open- source software is the newest innovation in software development. In this approach, developers collaborate on the development of an application usingprogramming standards that allow for everyone to contribute to the software. Futhermore , as each developer completes his or her project, the code for the application becomes the available and free to anyone else who wishes to use it. Open source software is available in its source code form and the rights to change, improve and sometimes distribute its code are given under a software license. Software developed by an individual or an organization, where the source code is closed from public (not available openly) is referred to as closed source software. SYSTEM SOFTWARE System software consist of program that manage and support a computer system and its information processing activities. For example. Operating systemand network management programs serve as a vital software interface between computer networks and hardware and the application programs of the ends users. System software is the backbone of any computer. It consists of all the files and programs that work to make your computer operate as a computer. System software is automatically provided when you purchase a computer on the high street, and is installed along with the operating system. Providers of system software include Windows and Apple Mac. These offer regular updates which can be installed for free as they become available. Examples of system software include assemblers, system utilities, tools and debuggers. We can group system software into two major categories. System management programs. Program that manage the hardware, software network,and data resources of computer system during the execution of the various information processing jobs of users, example of important system management programs are operating systems,network managemant programs, database management systems and system utilities. System development programs. It is program that help user develop information system program and procedur and prepare user programs for computer processing. Major software development programs are programming langguage translators and aditors ,and variety of CASE and other programming tools. PICTURE OF TYPE OF SOFWARE REFFERENCE O’Brien, J. A. ,Marakas, G. A(2011). Management information system. American : new york: McGraw Hill. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia How to cite Two Types of Computer Software, Essay examples

Asymmetrical Dialectics of Sustainable Tourism

Question: Discuss about the Asymmetrical Dialectics of Sustainable Tourism. Answer: Introduction In the task, I intend to consider my role as the central organizer of Clipper Bay. As the main organizer, my goal is to create economy economically. I expect to consider socio-social and natural calculates building up the economy of the town. In the task, the accentuation ought to be put on the tourism business and the long haul supportability. In the meantime, I need to concentrate on the CBA or ROI investigations that bolster monetary renewal of the Clipper Bay town. The task bears a reasonable reference to Butler's hypothesis of tourism manageability. It shows a successful perception of the tourism business and its unified parts. Clipper Bay is a little settlement that is situated on the pinnacle of a promontory. It contains 5000 tenants roughly. Being a separate locale, the town is apparently cut off from the urban advancement. The economy of the town is depended on marine improvement. It incorporates abundant trail of angling and cultivating organizations. The town is based on a sloping scene and gives a dream of delightful shorelines. Attributable to the unfertile territory, the agribusiness is not noteworthy. The town witnesses the coming of various eras that partake in angling and other associated exercises. In the meantime, the town watches a celebration that flags the start of the angling season. Formation of a Business Plan for Clipper Bay In the segment, I need to portray the approach that decides the compelling approaches to resuscitate the economy of the town. The economy of Clipper Bay is basically relied on upon pisciulture or fish cultivating. The locale is arranged along the shore of the ocean and keeps up a sea climate. It is imperative to offer needs to the angling society and the oceanic life advancement. As the main organizer of Clipper Bay, I aim to develop the economy of the town. Thus, it is prudent to hit an arrangement with the essential business heads of fluctuated associations. With a specific end goal to revive the economy, it is helpful to counsel the business people or significant gatherings. In an aggressive world, one must keep the standards and directions of the venture explore. It is basic to lead an exhaustive research on the business strategies. With fast monetary headway, the worldwide consulting industry has been seeing significant corrections. The economy saw an emotional emergency in 2009 . Subsequently, the worldwide consulting industry exhausted by 9.1%. As it is noticed, the consultancy business keeps up assorted qualities in a manner (Mason, 2015). As a central organizer, I ought to adumbrate a solid strategy for success in the wake of consulting with the pertinent gatherings. In the arrangement, it is required to offer needs to the territorial occupation. For example, the fundamental premise of vocation is angling at Clipper Bay. I trust it is critical to upgrade the separate area (fishing) for productive monetary advancement at Clipper Bay. The traveller luxuries, for example, fire outdoors in the forested areas can bolt. The district is near ocean shore. Thusly, sports like water-rafting, snorkelling, high plunging, stream skiing and scuba jumping can be fascinating for the visitors. In the meantime, I need to change over an empty zone to a legitimate eatery network. Compared to the ocean line, the shoreline eatery will be intended to draw in the cheerful and joy looking for visitors. The fascinating ocean sustenance and fish things will be luscious for the voyagers. Along these lines, the vacationer business will be produce d. With the change of the waterfront economy, the town will win another measurement in the ebb and flow (Ringer, 2013). Talking quickly, this is the strategy for the success of the Clipper Bay. As a central organizer of the town, I will offer shape to the strategy for success. CBA or ROI Analyses In the section, I need to talk about the utilization of relatively preferred standpoint by conveying CBA or ROI examinations. With the assistance of these investigations, I can recognize an industry that backings monetary rejuvenation. In the segment, it is vital to comprehend CBA or ROI examinations for further illustration of certainties. Money saving advantage Analysis (CBA), is likewise deciphered as Benefit Cost Analysis (BCA). It is a system that breaks down business choices. Before building another plant or thinking on a venture, the executive leads a money saving advantage examination (Burgan and Mules, 2001). The money saving advantage examination is a procedure evaluating all the critical expenses and incomes of the venture. The result demonstrates that whether the venture is fiscally attainable or not. Money saving advantage examination is a critical stride, the extent that the business venture is concerned. In the meantime, ROI investigation is characterized as Return on Investment examination (Smith, 2014). The ROI examination is an execution measure that breaks down the proficiency of a speculation. It assesses the size of profit for the cost of a speculation (Perkins, 1994). In the task, both the Cost-Benefit investigation (CBA) and Return on Investment (ROI) shape vital parts of the venture. As the main organizer, I plan to ponder my business choices for Clipper Bay (Tribe, 2015). It is important for me to recognize a specific industry that fortifies monetary rejuvenation. Here, I have picked the visitor business that accumulates substantial benefit to the little settlement of Clipper Bay. Being near the ocean, the Clipper Bay can be an enchanting vacationer goal for all individuals over the globe. In the meantime, the locale has a flourishing fishing zone that can give a driving force to the section. The lodging and accommodation frame an indispensable piece of the traveller business. As a central organizer, I have chosen to address these key issues prompting the monetary advancement of Clipper Bay. To my assessment, the worldwide economy is developing at a quick pace. With a specific end goal to the expert in the present time, the main organizer needs to consider the critical variables of monetary advancement, for example, base of business, climatic example, vital area and dietary style. The outcome is determined by welding every one of these components. Cost-Benefit Analysis In the section, I mean to think about the Cost-Benefit examination of the traveller business. As a central organizer, my desire is to recognize the particular business that backings financial improvement at Clipper Bay. I have built up a Cost-Benefit examination for the specific tourism improvement program at Clipper Bay. In the above figure, I have built up a Cost-Benefit examination for the tourism improvement I have noticed that the net advantage for the venture is estimated at $37,500This is a reasonable monetary estimation for the proposed tourism improvement program at Clipper Bay. It appears that the monetary spending plan is totally practical and apposite for the particular tourism industry at Clipper Bay. If I contribute $50 million on the vacationer extend (as said), then I would expect a twofold wage consequently. For example, the standard venture cost is $50 million (counting the cost separation and charges). The arrival on venture would be at any rate $100 or $150 (rough estimation). It is trusted that arrival on speculation investigation (ROI) examination is noteworthy for any modern improvement. Management of Sustainable Tourism In the section, I need to examine the feasible approach of the tourism business at Clipper Bay. To my conviction, economical tourism is characterized as the idea of paying a visit to a place as a vacationer. In the meantime, the traveller ought to comprehend positive socio-social, financial and natural effects (Nash and Butler, 1990). Head servant (1991) bolstered the idea of "ecotourism" that falls under the classification of 'practical tourism'. By alluding to the idea, he guarantees that 'sustainable tourism' spreads the message of ecological equilibrium and does not risk or subvert the biological community. As a central organizer, I will probably guarantee manageability for the proposed tourism program. It is highly indispensable for me to take noteworthy measures that secure both the locale and the venture. Along these lines, I ought to make it obligatory that the travellers don't hurt the ecological biological system by tossing paper containers, plastic sacks or any non-degradable items. Being near the ocean, the economy of Clipper Bay is relied on upon marine life and angling. In actuality, it is my duty to give appropriate rules to the voyagers about the safeguarding of nature. It is fitting that the sightseers peruse through the rules before going by the place. The voyagers ought not to litter the shoreline territories by spilling destructive chemicals into the ocean water. This activity is impeding to the marine life in the ocean (Virginija, 2016). As a central organizer, one of my few obligations is to keep up reasonable tourism at Clipper Bay. Investigation of Tourism Stake-Holder Model The stakeholder model encapsulates a few stages. It is imperative for the organizer to distinguish potential partners, their interests and stakes. It is prudent to isolate the partners into two gatherings: essential partners and auxiliary partners. With the financial headway, the idea of stakeholder is gaining a new dimension. As indicated by Roberts (1992), Freeman was the primary researcher to propound the idea of 'tourism stakeholder framework'. Freeman (1984) claims that the expression "stakeholders" signify the significant players than can impact or be affected by the action of the organization. More or less, the administration and the partners of the organization are similarly in charge of the supportable improvement of the association. In the meantime, they are capable of taking huge choices about the development of the organization. On the other hand, the idea of partner model can be connected to the tourism area. Tourism industry witnesses amalgam of various angles. It incorporates significant gatherings that are understood as "stakeholder" in the genuine feeling of the term. Every partner has one's own particular intrigue related with the tourism division. Every one of them blueprints a powerful tourism idea for the voyagers (Fennell, 2014). On the off chance that any of them neglects to produce benefit, the whole venture gets influenced. In the tourism area, the significant partners are in national, common and nearby government bodies. In the meantime, the partners include lodging, sustenance benefit, transport offices, the nearby zones, environmental groupings, customers, supply chains, sellers and other participatory units (NGO) (Hunter, 1997). As the main organizer, my obligation is to choose a specific partner strategy for the advancement of the venture. It is noted, tourism industry incorporates a few spots and goals in a particular geological lattice. It is important to consider tourism a composite entity; a particular top administration ought to be mulled over. Subsequently, Destination Management Organization (DMO) appears. The Destination Management Organization (DMO) ought to be in charge of arranging and regulating the locale. The Destination Management Organization (DMO) distributes assets regarding nature and humankind (Edgell Sr, 2016). In the meantime, it is their obligation to coordinate the assets into appropriate channels. As a central organizer of Clipper Bay, my duty is to distinguish the potential partner unit and fabricate a Destination Management Organization (DMO). The separate body is required to consider differed parts of the proposed tourism advancement venture. Meanwhile, I ought to highlight the n oteworthy angles and regulate the administration of the Destination Management Organization (DMO). Economic merit and demerit of tourism development (Clipper Bay) Clipper bay is a maritime haunt that is perched on the cliff of a peninsula. Being near the ocean, the district has a salubrious climate for each game. The economy of the locale depends on angling and overflowing marine exercises. By considering all components, the locale Clipper Bay can be an appealing visitor goal. The financial legitimacy is deep. The area is in the vicinity to the ocean shorelines. Consequently, marine exercises can enthusiasm for the visitors. By presenting these exercises at Clipper Bay, the area yields significant revenues. In this manner, the tourism will be a brilliant thing for the financial improvement of Clipper Bay. The main bad mark is the locale does not have fruitful territory. Along these lines, the agrarian underlying foundations of Clipper Bay are not solid. This is the main set-back of the area. The district needs to rely on upon some fruitful tracts for agrarian assets, which are basic for the sustenance of the eateries chains at Clipper Bay. It is trusted that eatery outlets frame a necessary piece of the tourism division. For this situation, the area involves a muddled situation for the foundation of tourism venture (Jamal and Camargo, 2014). Another inconvenience is the vehicle system is not productive in the isolated locale. It appears that Clipper Bay is apparently cut off from the urban piece of the USA. Consequently, the vehicle issues are prominent. For further financial advance, a significant fund is required. Socio-Cultural merit and demerit of tourism development (Clipper Bay) The number of inhabitants at Clipper Bay includes groups of families of varied generations. It is noted that the original began the settlement. The original of individuals framed the cultivating or agrarian gathering (Boniface, 2013). The third generation embarks on the employment of fishing. This era gives a driving force to the business of fishing. Along these lines, the economy spins around the fish marketing that reinforces the tourism sector at Clipper bay. To put it plainly, the economy is inseparably connected with the general public. From the social point of view, the locale witnessed the inception and logical conclusion of a specific celebration (Picard, 2015). This celebration portrays standard commitments connected with the social ceremonies and weeklong festivity. The celebration signifies the beginning of the fishing season at Clipper Bay. The legitimacy is the tourism part can witness a decent mixing together of different socio-social perspectives (as talked about above ). Notwithstanding, the main fault is the locale involves parochial socio-social texture that is negative to the tourism improvement extend at Clipper Bay. The entire country is modernizing at a fast pace. The entire United States of America is the case of modernization. At this point, a little settlement like Clipper Bay is moving at a sluggish rate. The local government aims to consider the broadening of the district. The nearby committee and monetary chambers put an accentuation on the financial improvement of the area. The legitimacy is the political bodies have conceded $50 million for the financial recovery by modernizing the tourism business. Then again, the main fault is the nearby government moves at a slow rate. In this way, a central organizer is contracted for the best possible execution of the plan. Reference Boniface, P. (2013).Managing quality cultural tourism. Routledge. Burgan, B., Mules, T. (2001). Reconciling costbenefit and economic impact assessment for event tourism.Tourism Economics,7(4), 321-330. Butler, R. (Ed.). (2006).The tourism area life cycle(Vol. 1). Channel view publications. Edgell Sr, D. L. (2016).Managing sustainable tourism: a legacy for the future. Routledge. Edgell Sr, D. L. (2016).Managing sustainable tourism: a legacy for the future. Routledge. Fennell, D. A. (2014).Ecotourism. Routledge. Freeman, R. E. (1984). The politics of stakeholder theory: Some future directions.Business ethics quarterly,4(04), 409-421. Hunter, C. (1997). Sustainable tourism as an adaptive paradigm.Annals of tourism research,24(4), 850-867. Jamal, T., Camargo, B. A. (2014). Sustainable tourism, justice and an ethic of care: Toward the just destination.Journal of Sustainable Tourism,22(1), 11-30. Mason, P. (2015).Tourism impacts, planning and management. Routledge. Murphy, P. E. (2013).Tourism: A community approach (RLE Tourism). Routledge. Nash, D., Butler, R. (1990). Towards sustainable tourism.Tourism management,11(3), 263-264. Perkins, F. (1994).Practical cost benefit analysis: basic concepts and applications. Macmillan Education Australia Pty Ltd. Picard, D. (2015). Making ecotourism sustainable: refocusing on economic viability. Lessons learnt from the Regional strategic action plan for coastal ecotourism development in the South Western Indian Ocean.Journal of Sustainable Tourism,23(6), 819-837. Ringer, G. (Ed.). (2013).Destinations: cultural landscapes of tourism. Routledge. Roberts, R. W. (1992). Determinants of corporate social responsibility disclosure: An application of stakeholder theory.Accounting, organizations and society,17(6), 595-612. Smith, S. L. (2014).Tourism analysis: A handbook. Routledge. Tribe, J. (2015).The economics of recreation, leisure and tourism. Routledge. Virginija, J. (2016). Interaction between Cultural/Creative Tourism and Tourism/Cultural Heritage Industries.Tourism-from empirical research towards practical application, 137. Weaver, D. B. (2014). Asymmetrical dialectics of sustainable tourism: Toward enlightened mass tourism.Journal of Travel Research,53(2), 131-140.

Hospitality Industry Technology

Question: Create a poster on hospitality industry technology. Answer: Introduction The hospitality industry is said to be a broad group of areas within the industry service which comprises event planning, lodging, transportation, theme parks, tourism industry and cruise line. The backbone of hospitality industry is made up of customer service, which is an idea shared by all of the industry segments (Lee, 2013). Though challenges and costs will increase, managing or owning several aspects of hospitality can offer one with different opportunities to create success. That is why introduction of technology and its advancement in hospitality industry is of utmost importance (OConnor and Murphy, 2004). This presentation will focus on the hospitality industry technology associated with hotels. This system comes under lodging sector. Types The hospitality industry technology system comprises collection of elements with work collectively to offer information assist in the management and operations of hospitality organizations. The types of hospitality industry technology system includes information technology system, hospitality information processing, property management system, energy management system, call accounting systems, guest reservation systems, billing of guests, security, guest convenience and comfort, internet and video games, marketing, sales, catering, front of the house systems in hotels and restaurants, point of sale system, product management, back of the house system and beverage management (Zhu and Yao, 2011). Out of these systems it can be said that mainly six technology trends are revolutionizing the hospitality industry. These are: SaaS or software as a service, mobility, social, personalized systems, integration and globalization (Law et al., 2012). Information Technology Hotel reservations and inventory can be supervised mainly by two systems: a central reservation processor and a property management system (Karadkar and Trace, 2013). The CRP possibly works in accordance with local reservation system. Mostly, in the large hotel networks, the CRP works simply as a message switch to detour the requests for customer reservation that might have endure either an airline CRS or hotel telephone reservation centre or from individual properties in chain (Ferdousi and Reza Khan, 2013). This does not work as a storehouse for record. This is preserved more willingly than at a central point, all through the different possessions in the hotel network and hence can be inferred in a different way at every point. Disadvantage and Advantage Booking engines allow simple access by travel professionals and consumers. The systems allow individuals to easily book or make reservations and compare the costs. Many booking engines for example Orbitz and Expedia are obtainable through online interfaces (Khosrow-Pour, 2013). These types of booking engines incise costs by lessening call volume ad offer the client additional control over their procuring process. Internet has powerful impact on hospitality industry. For various locations and businesses, the experience initiates long before client arrives, initiates with the primary visit to the respective website, when a client checks location photos and gains a good judgment of what to anticipate. In hospitality business, efficient application of internet technologies can develop revenue. Social media, online advertising, blogs, websites, online ordering and information storehouse assist convince the clients to select a business or location (Kuwana, 2012). The main disadvantage with this technology can be failing to adopt innovative technologies and go along with it. Another disadvantage can be odd and long hours. This means if a client of a particular hotel does not like late finishes or early starts, then the industry may fail to help them. They may become late to assist that particular client deliberately. Future development Corporate sophistication: programs and policies need to be implemented efficiently to create, administer, manage and track direct business discount and hotel relationships. CRS domination: hotel chains should maintain sovereignty from CRS domination on different stages. They should free themselves of technologically lower positions engaged by most of the hotel reservation networks in order that management can correctly be practical rather than imprudent to incidents and must be stretchy to take specific actions to individual hotel businesses (Olsen and Zhao, 2004). Alternate delivery system: hotels need not to concentrate their distribution wholly on CRS channels or agency. Innovative reference technologies, like reservation systems or interactive videotext will extend in upcoming years as hotel chain reservation structures will put in main corporate users and attached to public information access networks (Speakman, 2005). Yield management: more progressive systems associated with hotel are developing yield management software at cost of numerous million dollars. It is vital to understand procuring dynamics and tackling final direct business cooperation, in addition to developing agency reduction deals. Conclusion One of the major trends in hospitality industry is globalization. In the 21st century, hotels will need to accept various different strategies to develop and survive amidst lofty levels of financial ambiguity. As global business and trade expand, no question is present on the fact that international connections will become further significant for the hotel industry. References Ferdousi, A. and Reza Khan, S. (2013). Hardware and Logic Implementation of Multiple Alarm System for GSM BTS Rooms.IJITMC, 1(4), pp.53-60. Karadkar, U. and Trace, C. (2013). Mobile device policies in archive reading rooms.Proc. Am. Soc. Info. Sci. Tech., 50(1), pp.1-3. Khosrow-Pour, M. (2013).Managing information resources and technology. Hershey, Pa.: IGI Global (701 E. Chocolate Avenue, Hershey, Pennsylvania, 17033, USA). Kuwana, T. (2012). Repetition advantage and disadvantage in perceptual identification tasks.Jpn Psychol Res, 55(3), pp.216-228. Law, R., Leung, D., Au, N. and Lee, H. (2012). Progress and Development of Information Technology in the Hospitality Industry: Evidence from Cornell Hospitality Quarterly.Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 54(1), pp.10-24. Lee, L. (2013). Hospitality Industry Web-Based Self-Service Technology Adoption Model: A Cross-Cultural Perspective.Journal of Hospitality Tourism Research. OConnor, P. and Murphy, J. (2004). Research on information technology in the hospitality industry.International Journal of Hospitality Management, 23(5), pp.473-484. Olsen, M. and Zhao, J. (2004). Industry change, environmental scanning and firm strategy: how is the hospitality industry doing?.Tourism and Hospitality Planning Development, 1(1), pp.13-18. Speakman, C. (2005). Tourism and transport: Future prospects.Tourism and Hospitality Planning Development, 2(2), pp.129-135. Zhu, X. and Yao, Q. (2011). Logistics system design for biomass-to-bioenergy industry with multiple types of feedstocks.Bioresource Technology, 102(23), pp.10936-10945.

The Evolution of American Isolationism

The Evolution of American Isolationism â€Å"Isolationism† is a government policy or doctrine of taking no role in the affairs of other nations. A government’s policy of isolationism, which that government may or may not officially acknowledge, is characterized by a reluctance or refusal to enter into treaties, alliances, trade commitments, or other international agreements. Supporters of isolationism, known as â€Å"isolationists,† argue that it allows the nation to devote all of its resources and efforts to its own advancement by remaining at peace and avoiding binding responsibilities to other nations. American Isolationism While it has been practiced to some degree in U.S. foreign policy since before the War for Independence, isolationism in the United States has never been about a total avoidance of the rest of the world. Only a handful of American isolationists advocated the complete removal of the nation from the world stage. Instead, most American isolationists have pushed for the avoidance of the nation’s involvement in what Thomas Jefferson called â€Å"entangling alliances.† Instead, U.S. isolationists have held that America could and should use its wide-ranging influence and economic strength to encourage the ideals of freedom and democracy in other nations by means of negotiation rather than warfare. Isolationism refers to Americas longstanding reluctance to become involved in European alliances and wars. Isolationists held the view that Americas perspective on the world was different from that of European societies and that America could advance the cause of freedom and democracy by means other than war. American Isolationism Born in the Colonial Period Isolationist feelings in America dates back to the colonial period. The last thing many American colonists wanted was any continued involvement with the European governments that had denied them religious and economic freedom and kept them enmeshed in wars. Indeed, they took comfort in the fact that they were now effectively â€Å"isolated† from Europe by the vastness of the Atlantic Ocean. Despite an eventual alliance with France during the War for Independence, the basis of American isolationism can is found in Thomas Paine’s famed paper Common Sense, published in 1776. Paine’s impassioned arguments against foreign alliances drove the delegates to the Continental Congress to oppose the alliance with France until it became obvious that the revolution would be lost without it.   Twenty years and an independent nation later, President George Washington memorably spelled out the intent of American isolationism in his Farewell Address: â€Å"The great rule of conduct for us, in regard to foreign nations, is in extending our commercial relations, to have with them as little political connection as possible. Europe has a set of primary interests, which to us have none, or a very remote relation. Hence she must be engaged in frequent controversies the causes of which are essentially foreign to our concerns. Hence, therefore, it must be unwise in us to implicate ourselves, by artificial ties, in the ordinary vicissitudes of her politics, or the ordinary combinations and collisions of her friendships or enmities.† Washington’s opinions of isolationism were widely accepted. As a result of his Neutrality Proclamation of 1793, the U.S. dissolved its alliance with France. And in 1801, the nation’s third president, Thomas Jefferson, in his inaugural address, summed up American isolationism as a doctrine of peace, commerce, and honest friendship with all nations, entangling alliances with none†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Ã‚   The 19th Century: The Decline of US Isolationism Through the first half of the 19th century, America managed to maintain its political isolation despite its rapid industrial and economic growth and status as a world power. Historians again suggest that the nation’s geographical isolation from Europe continued to allow the U.S. to avoid the â€Å"entangling alliances† feared by the Founding Fathers. Without abandoning its policy of limited isolationism, the United States expanded its own borders from coast-to-coast and began creating territorial empires in the Pacific and the  Caribbean during the 1800s. Without forming binding alliances with Europe or any of the nations involved, the U.S. fought three wars: the War of 1812, the Mexican War, and the Spanish-American War. In 1823, the Monroe Doctrine boldly declared that the United States would consider the colonization of any independent nation in North or South America by a European nation to be an act of war. In delivering the historic decree, President James Monroe voiced the isolationist view, stating, â€Å"In the wars of the European powers, in matters relating to themselves, we have never taken part, nor does it comport with our policy, so to do.† But by the mid-1800s, a combination of world events began to test the resolve of American isolationists: The expansion of the German and Japanese military industrial empires that would eventually immerse the United States in two world wars had begun.Though short-lived, the occupation of the Philippines by the United States during the Spanish-American war had inserted American interests into the Western Pacific islands - an area generally considered to be part of Japan’s sphere of influence.Steamships, undersea communications cables, and radio enhanced America’s stature in world trade, but at the same time, brought her closer to her potential enemies. Within the United States itself, as industrialized mega-cities grew, small-town rural America - long the source of isolationist feelings - shrank. The 20th Century: The End of US Isolationism   World War I (1914 to 1919) Though actual battle never touched her shores, America’s participation in World War I marked the nation’s first departure from its historic isolationist policy. During the conflict, the United States entered into binding alliances with the United Kingdom, France, Russia, Italy, Belgium, and Serbia to oppose the Central Powers of Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire. However, after the war, the United States returned to its isolationist roots by immediately ending all of its war-related European commitments. Against the recommendation of President Woodrow Wilson, the U.S. Senate rejected the war-ending Treaty of Versailles, because it would have required the U.S. to join the League of Nations. As America struggled through the Great Depression from 1929 to 1941, the nation’s foreign affairs took a back seat to economic survival. To protect U.S. manufacturers from foreign competition, the government imposed high tariffs on imported goods. World War I also brought an end to America’s historically open attitude toward immigration. Between the pre-war years of 1900 and 1920, the nation had admitted over 14.5 million immigrants. After the passage of the Immigration Act of 1917, fewer than 150,000 new immigrants had been allowed to enter the U.S. by 1929. The law restricted the immigration of â€Å"undesirables† from other countries, including â€Å"idiots, imbeciles, epileptics, alcoholics, poor, criminals, beggars, any person suffering attacks of insanity†¦Ã¢â‚¬  World War II (1939 to 1945) While avoiding the conflict until 1941, World War II marked a turning point for American isolationism. As Germany and Italy swept through Europe and North Africa, and Japan began taking over Eastern Asia, many Americans started to fear that the Axis powers might invade the Western Hemisphere next. By the end of 1940, American public opinion had started to shift in favor of using U.S. military forces to help defeat the Axis.   Still, nearly one million Americans supported the America First Committee, organized in 1940 to oppose the nation’s involvement in the war. Despite pressure from isolationists, President Franklin D. Roosevelt proceeded with his administration’s plans to assist the nations targeted by the Axis in ways not requiring direct military intervention. Even in the face of Axis successes, a majority of Americans continued to oppose actual U.S. military intervention. That all changed on the morning of December 7, 1941, when naval forces of Japan launched a sneak attack on the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. On December 8, 1941, America declared war on Japan. Two days later, the America First Committee disbanded.   After World War II, the United States helped establish and became a charter member of the United Nations in October 1945. At the same time, the emerging threat posed by Russia under Joseph Stalin and the specter of communism that would soon result in the Cold War effectively lowered the curtain on the golden age of American isolationism. War on Terror: A Rebirth of Isolationism? While the terrorist attacks of Sept 11, 2001, initially spawned a spirit of nationalism unseen in America since World War II, the ensuing War on Terror may have resulted in the return  of American isolationism. Wars in Afghanistan and Iraq claimed thousands of American lives. At home, Americans fretted through a slow and fragile recovery from a Great Recession many economists compared to the Great Depression of 1929. Suffering from war abroad and a failing economy at home, America found itself in a situation very much like that of the late  1940s when isolationist feelings prevailed. Now as the threat of another war in Syria looms, a growing number of Americans, including some policymakers, are questioning the wisdom of further U.S. involvement. â€Å"We are not the world’s policeman, nor its judge and jury,† stated U.S. Rep. Alan Grayson (D-Florida) joining a bipartisan group of lawmakers arguing against U.S. military intervention in Syria. â€Å"Our own needs in America are great, and they come first.† In his first major speech after winning the 2016 presidential election, President-Elect Donald Trump expressed the isolationist ideology that became one of his campaign slogans - â€Å"America first.† â€Å"There is no global anthem, no global currency, no certificate of global citizenship,† Mr. Trump  said on December 1, 2016. â€Å"We pledge allegiance to one flag, and that flag is the American flag. From now on, its going to be America first. In their words, Rep. Grayson, a progressive Democrat, and President-Elect Trump, a conservative Republican, may have announced the rebirth of American isolationism.

Gallons to Liters - Unit Conversion Example Problem

Gallons to Liters Problem This example problem demonstrates how to convert gallons to liters. Gallons and liters are two common units of volume. The liter is the metric volume unit, while the gallon is the English unit. However, the American gallon and the British gallon are not the same!  The gallon used in the United States  is equal to exactly 231 cubic inches or 3.785411784 liters. The  Imperial  gallon or UK gallon is equal to approximately 277.42 cubic inches. If youre asked to perform the conversion, make sure you know which country its for or you wont get the correct answer. This example uses the American gallon, but the set-up for the problem works the same for the Imperial gallon (just using 277.42 instead of 3.785). Key Takeaways: Gallons to Liters The unit conversion between (American) gallons and liters is 1 gallon 3.785 liters.British and American gallons are not the same. The American gallon is a smaller unit of volume and has a different conversion factor.There are about four liters per gallon. Gallons to Liters Problem What is the volume of a 5 gallon bucket in liters? Solution 1 gallon 3.785 liters Set up the conversion so the desired unit will be cancelled out. In this case, we want liters to be the remaining unit. volume in L (volume in gal) x (3.785 L/1 gal) volume in L (5 x 3.785) L volume in L 18.925 L In other word, there are about 4x more liters when you convert from gallons. Answer A 5 gallon bucket contains 18.925 liters. Liters to Gallon Conversion You can use the same conversion factor to convert liters to gallons or you can use: 1 liter 0.264 US gallons To find how many gallons are in 4 liters, for example: gallons 4 liters x 0.264 gallons/liter The liters cancel out, leaving the gallon unit: 4 liters 1.056 gallons Keep this in mind: there are about 4 liters per US gallon.